INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN RAILWAYS
INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN RAILWAYS
Indian Railways are the arteries of the nation. Ever since its congregation after Independence to India. It is committees to the citizens for the transportation of men. Defence personal, industrial and agriculture products from one place to the other in the subcontinent. Prior to independence, Railways were in small autonomous units like BNR, MSN, GIPR, Martinsburg light Railway etc., later it was felt necessary to congregate and bring all such units under one umbrella to have better administrative control, operational feasibility and financial stability.
Earlier the inputs, expenditure and revenue out come are all credited to the states Capital fund and re allotted and demand to suit the nation’s requirements. This being the highest profit earning machinery next to income tax, it is felt essential it go in for separate budget so that the true requirements are effectively and to the optimum utilization for developments take place.
Taylor made to meet the demand of the day. Accordingly AKWARTH finance Committee has recommended a separate budget for railways. The assets are all under the capital account and the returns by way of sinking fund, interest on investment, pension fund etc., are accounted for and balances are utilized for developments and re-appropriation other requirements in the country To keep up the commitments with accountability a responsibility in the cause of Safety, punctually, reliability, it has become mandatory to take every care in the provision, maintenance, operation of permanent assets, rolling stock, equipment’s etc.
Every financial input is belonging to public money and hence cannons of financial Proprietary are strictly observed. Scientific management is set up to make the polices under the constitutional provisions in the administration through a separate ministry with a secretarial head namely chairman Railway board who is also be one of the principal secretaries to government of India. Adequate members, for finance Mechanical, Electrical establishments, engineering etc. assisted by additional members.
Executive directors, assistant directions supporting ministerial staff are provided at board level to constitute and frame rules and conditions with the concern of parliament the People’s house for effective execution in the day to day works. Rolling stock plays vital role in transporting the traffic a raising. A huge technical Team well qualified with expertise assisted by ministerial team is necessarily scattered at various locations in the country for the operation of railways. For effective administrative control, the country is divided in to number of zones headed by General Manager, Additional General Manager, Head of Departments, Additional Heads, in the capacity of in the administrative group officers assisted by seniors, junior administrative officers, subordinate staff of technical staff.
Rolling stock mainly consists of locomotives, passenger carriage, and goods Vehicle. They are being subjected to high dynamic augmentation with heavy duty Service to run at moderately high speed with heavy loads. The present population and industrial growth is making challenge in the day to day working. The railway is facing very high and tough competition on surface transport, systems, service, commitment in the movement of defence personal, essential commodities, industrial and agricultural growth for timely marketing has become a Herculean task, as part of this, rolling stock is developed in India under collaboration of ALCQ, America, Schliemann, Switzerland where locomotive take vital role in hauling the loads either passenger or goods. Consequent upon development of thermal power generation, coal is utilized for optimum production of electrical power and hence conventional steam engines are with drawn from Railway service duly replaced by diesel stock. Later, in view of flexibility of power transmission high hauling capacity electric locos are inducted. Due to financial crunch and limitations in production of electricity, its transmission, the unfavorable climatic situations in this tropical country and in view of the economical viability diesel traction could not be substituted by electric stock.